For most deciduous trees, winter between November and February when the tree is dormant. Cherry, plum, magnolia and walnut need summer pruning, July to September, to avoid disease and bleeding. Conifers and evergreens can be trimmed throughout the growing season, roughly April to September.
Winter pruning works because the tree is dormant. No leaves mean you can see the structure clearly. Cuts heal as the tree wakes up in spring. Summer pruning on cherry and plum avoids silver leaf disease, a fatal fungal infection that enters through winter wounds. Walnuts and magnolias bleed heavily if cut in winter or spring. A late-summer prune minimises bleeding and gives the wound time to seal.
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